Jean-Michel Serres, Composer-pianist (Apfel Café Music): Website

Nowadays, people might hardly think about happiness. If you open a book of ethics recently published on our country, then you find easily a book doesn’t treat problems about happiness at all. I don’t know that I can believe such a book is a book of ethics, and I can accept which author is a scholar of ethics. A undoubtedly certain thing is happiness is a key and unavoidable problem of ethics in the all past eras. The Greek classical ethics would be so, also the Stoic rigorousness told the frugality for happiness, then on Christianity, especially St. Augustine and Pascal, their theory of religion and ethics set about a profound fact which human require happiness endlessly. Without thinking about happiness is a characteristics of human today. Today’s confusion of ethics is argued variously, and the fact that theory of happiness disappeared on books of ethics is a representative thing. Till a new theory of happiness will be set upped, confusion of ethics wouldn’t be saved.

You may think, thinking about happiness already must be a… probably a biggest omen of unhappiness. And you may say a man is happy doesn’t think about happiness, as a man has a healthy stomach doesn’t feel a presence of stomach. However, today’s people don’t think about happiness since they are happy ? If anything our era is miserable and which make people lose a motivation to think about happiness. Is the present-day society filled with unhappiness as people feel talking about happiness is an immoral thing ? But a man don’t know what is happiness can know what is unhappiness ? People today must pursue happiness by the instinct. Moreover, they are troubled with their excess of self-consciousness. And the self-conscious men very seldom think about happiness. It’s a characteristic of mental situation today, and it forms a characteristic of unhappiness of people today.

To think about duty by conscience and demand for happiness are opposed is a modern rigourism. In spite of this, I think… today’s conscience is the demand for happiness. The society, the classes, the mankind and so on, there’s nothing as conscientious as demand for happiness in the case of humane demand for happiness is denied by the name of totality. As far as it connects the demand for happiness, ethical concepts used continually today like society, classes mankind and so on may not posses anything ethical means. Or, as the problems of ethics divided them of happiness, all of arbitrary things could be treated as the concepts of ethics. The demand for happiness should be restored as today’s consciousness. The problem of a man is a humanist or not depends on this point mostly.

As the problem of happiness was killed much more on the the problem of ethics, ethical jargons were formed. For instance, be ethical and be subjective are treat as the same is right. But, today, be subjective also became an ethical jargon by being abstract from the demand for happiness. As well theory of motive is going to be vanished on the contemporary ethics, and by the spread of the word “subjective”, ethics resulted in objective on the contrary. Demand for happiness is motive of all acts, were the common staring point of ethics once. The contemporary philosophy learned expel such a thinking as the mentalism, on the other hand chaos of spirits of today’s people people began simultaneously. This chaos are formed when people can’t understand their own motive of action is the demand for happiness or not. Then, at the same time, the reality of mind became doubtful, and various idealisms about humane interpretations raised. The reality of mind is certified only in the case of an order is in the mind. Demand for happiness is the base of the order, and the reality of mind is given by a fact of the demand for happiness. Ethics denying the theory of happiness is apparently logical, but in the fact it should be a Nihilism.

Psychology of the past was a critical study of mind. The aim is a criticism to mind same mean as the criticism of literary critic. The aim of psychology was evaluate and keep good order in various activities and aspects of humane mind. Philosophers are same as literary men in this aim. When a crisis of such a psychology of which criticize value was destroyed by the psychology based on the natural scientific method arised, in the opposite direction the human science occurred. So that, nowadays, the human science also deviate from the original motive and give up the inherent role as a criticism to human mind, and various arbitrary studies are called as the human science. The artistic things on Philosophy has been lost, and leave the profession of critic for human science to literary writers and authors. There’s today’s abstraction of philosophy, one doesn’t own psychology generally. Unforgettable thing at the moment is a particular thing of the contemporary philosophy is relate to the vanish of theory of happiness.

It’s wrong to think about happiness is a mere sensual thing. Or rather, the history of thought indicates subjectivism connect with the ethical theory of happiness. The problem of happiness is the mainstay of subjectivism.

Happiness is not contrary to virtue, or rather happiness is the virtue itself. Sure, it’s right to think about happiness of others. But, can we make a good act beyond your own happiness, for a person you love.

From ordinary trivial things to acts fo self-sacrifice, in various matters, happiness is a power. The fact that virtue is a power indicates the most apparent of happiness.

Goethes’ maxim, Personality is the greatest happiness of earthly men, is nothing like a perfect definition of happiness. To be happy is the same as to be a personality.

The question such as “Is happiness in physical pleasure or in mental pleasure, in action or being ?” pulls us into confusion. To such a question, we should say either is right. Because, personality is both a physical thing and a mental thing, both an action and a being. And, this notion means personality is a formative thing.

The thing today people don’t think about happiness, is suitable for the era of divided personalities as a modern characteristic. And, on the contrary, this fact proves the thesis that happiness is a personality in the scale of world history.

Happiness is a personality. Like a man takes off a coat, a man can easily throw away another happiness anytime is a greatest happy man. But he won’t throw away the true happiness and can’t throw away it. His happiness is one in himself the same as his life. He struggle with any difficulties together with this happiness. A man struggles with happiness as a weapon is happy even if he is defeated.

Good humour, politeness, kindness, tolerance and so on, happiness alway appears in surface. A merely internal happiness is not a true happiness like a poet does’t recite is not a true poet. Happiness is an expressive thing. A thing spontaneously appears outside and make other people happy like a bird sings is the true happiness.