Category: Note / Memorandum / Remark

Overview

​​

The “Menuet antique” is one of Maurice Ravel’s earliest early works, bearing the number M.7 in his catalogue. Originally composed for solo piano in 1895, it was orchestrated by Ravel himself in 1929. It is one of the few pieces from his early years that Ravel saw fit to rework and retain in his repertoire, which is a testament to the esteem in which he held it.

General overview of the work

The work is a character piece , which, as its title suggests, evokes a dance style from the past, the minuet, but with a modernist touch specific to Ravel.

Form and structure: “Menuet antique” is constructed in a ternary form (ABA’), typical of the minuet.

Section A is a noble and elegant theme , with a certain gravity. It is a majestic minuet that opens with a solemn melody and subtle harmonies.

Section B (the trio) is contrasting, more lyrical and delicate, with more tender moments and a little more fantasy, before returning to the gravity of section A.

Section A’ is a reprise of the first part , with harmonic variations and richer orchestration that brings it to a powerful conclusion.

Musical style: Ravel’s style is already recognizable , even in this early work.

It reflects his love of clarity and precision in writing .

The harmonies are refined and sometimes surprising.

The melody is elegant and well constructed.

The orchestration, in particular, already demonstrates Ravel ‘s genius in this area . His 1929 orchestral version is a veritable lesson in color, with timbres masterfully highlighted .

Importance in Ravel’s work

Although it is an early work, “Menuet antique” is significant because it prefigures several characteristics of Ravel’s style: his interest in ancient dance forms (as we will see later in “Le Tombeau de Couperin”), his harmonic refinement, and his concern for perfection in orchestration. It is a work which, through its sobriety and elegance , is a perfect introduction to Ravel’s musical universe.

History

The story of Maurice Ravel’s “Menuet antique” is that of a work from his youth that has survived time and the composer’s own criticism to become an integral and appreciated part of his catalogue.

The story begins in 1895, when Ravel was just twenty years old. A student at the Paris Conservatoire, he composed for his pianist friend Ricardo Viñes one of his first works intended for publication: the “Minuet antique.” Inspired by the style of ancient dances, but with a resolutely modern vision, Ravel pays homage to the “Minuet pompeux” of Emmanuel Chabrier, whom he deeply admired. In a letter, he dedicated the work to his old master Henry Ghys, with a touch of humor, describing it as “a tantet retrograde .”

The work was premiered privately by Ricardo Viñes in January 1898, and then publicly at the Salle Érard in Paris on 18 April 1898. It is a testament to Ravel’s first steps towards his own musical language, a mixture of classical elegance , harmonic refinement and a certain , already perceptible, departure from tradition . Ravel experimented with his own harmonies, as he himself later acknowledged , believing that the work contained the seeds of several elements that would predominate in his future compositions, notably his interest in ancient dance forms and his propensity to reinvent them .

For over thirty years, the “Menuet Antique” remained a work for solo piano. But in 1929, Ravel decided to give it new life. He re- orchestrated it, demonstrating that he still considered it worthy of interest , and revealing his genius for instrumental color. This orchestral version, premiered by Ravel himself at the head of the Orchestre Lamoureux on January 11, 1930, at the Salle Gaveau in Paris, is a spectacular transformation. He dresses the original score with shimmering timbres and rich sonic textures, proving that even a work from his early days could shine with new brilliance under the hand of the master of orchestration he had become.

The story of the “Menuet antique” is therefore that of a double birth: a first , modest one, on the piano, and a second, grandiose one, for orchestra, which seals the place of this work in Ravel’s repertoire and in the history of French music .

History

The story of Ravel’s “Menuet antique” is that of a composition which, while being one of his first , already bears the mark of the genius to come, before experiencing a second life decades later.

It all began in 1895, when the young Maurice Ravel, barely twenty years old, was still at the Paris Conservatoire. He composed this piece for piano , inspired by ancient dance forms, but above all as a tribute to the “Minuet pompeux” of his spiritual master , Emmanuel Chabrier. It is an exercise in style, but one imbued with an already established personality . Ravel dedicated the work to his friend and virtuoso pianist, Ricardo Viñes , who gave its first public performance on April 18, 1898 , in Paris, at the Salle Érard .

At the time, this piece , although classical in form, surprised by its modern harmony and subtle dissonances. Ravel, with his already distinctive style , played with the conventions of the genre, introducing rhythms and harmonies that foreshadowed his future audacities.

For more than thirty years, the “Minuet Antique” remained a piano work, a relic of his youth. But in 1929, Ravel decided to revisit it. He was then a world-renowned composer, a master of orchestration. He chose to transform this modest piece into an orchestral work, a decision that testifies to the esteem he retained for it. This orchestration is not a simple transcription. It is a true recreation, in which Ravel deploys all his art of instrumental colors, conferring a new dimension, a new depth, and a new richness to the original score.

This orchestral version was premiered on January 11, 1930, at the Salle Gaveau in Paris, under the direction of Ravel himself at the head of the Lamoureux Orchestra. It was a success , proving that this early work, rethought by the composer at his peak , had its place in his repertoire. The history of the “Menuet antique” is thus that of a dialogue between the young Ravel and the master Ravel , a work that has evolved and reinvented itself, without ever losing its initial elegance .

Characteristics of Music

Ravel’s “Minuet Antique” is characterized in its composition by a distinctive fusion of tradition and innovation, a recurring feature in the composer’s work.

Structure and Form

Musically, the work is a classical minuet, adhering to a ternary form (ABA’). The first part (A) is a solemn and majestic section, typical of a court minuet. It presents a noble and elegant theme . The middle section, called the trio (B), offers a notable contrast: it is more lyrical, more delicate, and introduces more subtle and melancholic harmonies before the return of the first part . The reprise (A’) is not a simple repetition ; it is harmonically and dynamically enriched, leading to a powerful conclusion.

Harmony and Melody

The harmony is one of the most fascinating features of the piece . Although composed in a clear key, the music is peppered with sophisticated dissonances and chords that deviate from the strict rules of classicism. Ravel uses non-functional chords and movements of fourths that give the music a color that is both ancient and modern. The melody is elegant and refined, but it is supported by piano and orchestral writing that gives it a depth and complexity far beyond its apparent simplicity .

Orchestration

The orchestration, created by Ravel in 1929, is a masterpiece in its own right and a key musical feature of the composition. The composer uses a vast and varied palette of timbres to dress the melody. He highlights each instrument, from the subtlety of the woodwinds to the splendor of the brass, including the strings. The orchestration is not simply a transcription; it is a reinterpretation of the work that highlights its harmonic and melodic qualities with a new richness.

Rhythmic characteristics

The rhythm of the “Minuet Antique” is another key point. It respects the typical 3-beat time signature of the minuet. However, Ravel infuses the piece with a noble, slow dance, far from the light spirit of some classical minuets. The music’s pomp and solemnity are reinforced by a moderate tempo and a sense of gravity that contribute to its distinctive character .

Style(s), movement(s) and period of composition

Ravel’s “Minuet Antique,” although it may seem simple at first glance , is in reality a pivotal work that embraces several musical currents from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries . Its nature is both traditional and innovative, and it stands at the crossroads between Romanticism, Impressionism, and Neoclassicism .

Period and Movement

The composition of the “Minuet antique” spans two distinct periods, which complicates its categorization:

Piano version (1895): This version is an early work by Ravel, written while he was still a student. It is set at the end of the Romantic period and at the beginning of modernism.

Orchestral version (1929): Ravel re -orchestrated the work at the height of his career . This version is clearly early 20th- century modernism , a little before his “Bolero “.

The work is associated with the neoclassical movement. This musical movement is characterized by a return to the forms, structures, and aesthetics of 17th- and 18th-century music ( the Baroque and Classical periods), while utilizing the harmonic language and orchestration of the 20th century . The “Minuet Antique” is a perfect example: it uses the classical dance form, the minuet, but harmonizes it with chords that would have been unthinkable in the time of Bach or Mozart.

A style at a crossroads

At the time of its initial composition in 1895, music was in a transitional phase. Late Romantic music and Wagnerism were still dominant, but new avenues were opening up.

Traditional and innovative: The minuet form is a tradition, but Ravel treats it in an innovative way . He uses chromatic harmonies, dissonances and more complex writing that move away from the simplicity of the minuet of the classical period.

Post-romantic: The work has a post-romantic character in its expressiveness and harmonic richness. It is in line with its predecessors while distancing itself from them.

Neither classical nor romantic: It is neither purely classical, because its harmonic language is too modern, nor purely romantic, because it does not indulge in great sentimental effusions. Rather, it is restrained and elegant , a characteristic typical of Ravel.

Impressionist? Although Ravel is often associated with Impressionism, this term does not perfectly apply to the “Menuet antique.” The work is more structured and less focused on “colors” and “atmospheres ” than , for example, Ravel’s Jeux d’eau or Miroirs. However, the 1929 orchestral version can be considered to have Impressionist touches, as it uses a rich palette of timbres to create sound effects.

In summary , Ravel’s “Menuet antique” is a fascinating work that eludes a single categorization . It is the product of a neoclassical approach , with influences from late Romanticism and a modernist vision of harmony and orchestration. It is not “ancient” in the strict sense of the term, for it already carries within it the seeds of 20th- century music , but it pays a sincere and respectful homage to the forms of the past .

Analysis: Form, Technique(s), Texture, Harmony, Rhythm

The analysis of Ravel’s “Menuet antique” reveals a work in which formal tradition is revisited with a harmony and texture that were innovative for the time .

Structure and Form

The “Minuet antique” follows the classic ternary form of a minuet: ABA’.

Section A (Bars 1-28): The main theme is presented , majestic and noble. It opens with a melody in G minor.

Section B (Trio, bars 29-56): This section contrasts with the first , introducing a more lyrical and delicate melody, often in the relative key of B-flat major or other passing modulations .

Section A’ (Bars 57-end): The return of theme A , but enriched and harmonically transformed. This reprise leads to a final coda.

This structure is a classical method of musical organization, which Ravel uses to frame his more modern harmonic language.

Harmony and Scale

The harmony is the most striking feature of this piece . Although the main key is G minor, Ravel frequently departs from the strict rules of classical tonality.

: It uses subtle and sometimes unexpected modulations, particularly towards distant tones .

Complex chords: Chords are often enriched with 7ths, 9ths, and 11ths, creating sounds that are both rich and sometimes dissonant.

Modes: Ravel incorporates modal elements and entire scales , which give a distinctive color to the music.

Rhythm and Texture

Rhythm: The “Minuet antique” respects the ternary rhythm of the minuet, with a 3/4 time signature . The rhythm is generally stable and regular, which contributes to the noble and measured character of the piece .

Texture: The music is not monophonic (a single melodic line) but rather polyphonic or, more precisely , homophonic with contrapuntal elements . The piano version layers the melodic and harmonic lines, creating a rich texture. The orchestral version, on the other hand , uses polyphony by distributing the different melodic and harmonic lines among the instruments. The texture can vary from one section to another, moving from a massive chordal accompaniment to lighter, airy passages .

Tutorial, performance tips and important playing points

A guide to performing Ravel’s “Menuet Antique” on the piano
To play Maurice Ravel’s “Minuet Antique” is to immerse oneself in an early work that already bears the hallmarks of genius. To grasp its full richness, it is essential to understand the balance between the nobility of the form and the modernity of the writing. Here is a guide to approaching this piece , with performance tips and key technical points .

1. Understand the character of the work

The first point is to embody the character of the piece. Ravel wanted a noble, elegant and majestic minuet , not a simple light dance .

Tempo: The tempo should be moderate , without haste . The music should breathe. Think of a court dance rhythm, with a certain dignity . Avoid rushing , even in the most lyrical passages.

Nobility: The right hand should sing with a full, but never aggressive, sound. The melodies are long and lyrical. It is the line of the melody that should guide your interpretation, not the simple succession of notes.

2. Important technical points

Ravel’s score is very precise . It is crucial to pay meticulous attention to it.

Fingering: Fingering is essential for perfect phrasing and good articulation. Ravel uses wide chords and jumps, so it’s important to practice them well so as not to break the rhythm and fluidity. Don’t hesitate to adapt the fingering so that it feels as natural as possible for your hands.

Pedals: Use the sustain pedal sparingly to avoid drowning out the harmonies. Ravel is a master of clarity . The pedal should be used to tie the harmonies together, but it should never darken the sound texture. It is often recommended to raise it between chords to let the music “breathe.”

Dynamics: Ravel uses many dynamics. Respect the p (piano) and f (forte), but also the subtle crescendos and diminuendos. Changes in dynamics should not be abrupt, but gradual. Think of a broad wave movement.

3. Interpretation tips for each section

Section A (the Minuet): The opening is solemn. The right hand should be played with perfect legato, bringing out the melody. The left hand, meanwhile , should provide steady harmonic support, with clear, deep bass notes. The chords should be played with weight, not force.

Section B (The Trio): This section is more lyrical and delicate. The right hand should have a softer, more singing touch. The left hand can have a more contrapuntal role . The phrases are longer and should be played as a single melodic line. This is where you can let the music “tell” a story.

The reprise and conclusion: The return to section A should be marked by a reprise of the initial solemnity, but with increased intensity. It is here that the performer can give more breadth to the sound . The final coda should be grandiose and majestic, with full chords and powerful dynamics, but without becoming martial.

Ultimately, the interpretation of Ravel’s “Minuet Antique” is a balancing act between technical rigor and artistic sensitivity. It requires precision in rhythm and nuance, while allowing the music to express itself with its own elegance and nobility.

Successful piece or collection at the time ?

When Ravel’s “Minuet Antique” was first published in 1898, it was neither a resounding success nor a great commercial success. It must be remembered that Ravel was then a young composer, a student seeking recognition , and not the master of orchestration he would become .

Critical reception at the time: The initial reception was rather muted . The work was performed by his friend Ricardo Viñes , who was a highly respected pianist , but the piece itself did not arouse general enthusiasm from either the public or the critics. It was an early work that bore the marks of his emerging style, but it was far from the works that would make Ravel famous, such as the Pavane pour une infante mortse or the Bolé ro.

Sheet music sales: Precise sales figures from the period are not available, but it is unlikely that piano scores sold well on a large scale. Ravel’s music was not yet popular, and he was competing with more established composers at the time.

The true success and recognition of the “Menuet antique” came much later, with its reorchestration in 1929. It was this orchestral version that allowed the work to find a wider audience and establish itself in the repertoire. Ravel himself , in reworking it, showed that he considered it worthy of interest and that it contained the seeds of ideas that he had explored throughout his career .

In short , the “Menuet Antique” was not a hit at the time of its release. It took several decades and its composer’s orchestration for it to be fully appreciated . Today it is an important piece for understanding Ravel’s development, but its success is a phenomenon subsequent to its initial composition .

Famous Recordings

For a piece like the “Menuet Antique” for piano, the interpretation is a subtle challenge that requires both respect for classical form and an understanding of Ravel’s modernity. Here is a selection of famous recordings , classified by schools of performance .

Recordings of the great tradition and history

Vlado Perlemuter: His recordings are essential. A student of Ravel, he offers an authoritative interpretation. His playing is characterized by crystal clarity, phrasing of rare elegance , and scrupulous respect for the score. For many scholars, he is the closest to the composer’s spirit.

Robert Casadesus: Another major figure of the 20th -century French school , Casadesus brings remarkable elegance and precision. His interpretation is more “classical” than Perlemuter’s, emphasizing the structure and balance of the work .

Walter Gieseking: His recordings of Ravel are famous for their sonic refinement and sense of color. Although he was not a direct student of Ravel, his impressionistic style and light touch are perfectly suited to the composer’s world.

Standard and contemporary recordings

Pascal Rog é : His complete works for piano by Ravel are considered a reference . His “Menuet antique” is played with great sensitivity and a delicate touch, highlighting the lyrical character of the piece .

Jean-Yves Thibaudet: Thibaudet’s interpretation is known for its technical brilliance and vivacity. He brings a modern energy to the work, while respecting its noble character.

Jean-Efflam Bavouzet: His approach is very analytical and precise, highlighting the structure and polyphony of Ravel’s music. It is an interpretation that seduces with its clarity and intelligence.

Seong-Jin Cho: More recently, the young Korean pianist Seong-Jin Cho recorded the complete works of Ravel. His interpretation of the “Menuet Antique” is both technically perfect and imbued with great poetry, making it an excellent choice for discovering the piece from a contemporary perspective.

Episodes and anecdotes

Ravel’s “Menuet antique” is a work that has had a relatively discreet history , but a few anecdotes and episodes allow us to better understand its place in the composer’s life and work.

The challenge of youth

When Ravel composed the “Menuet Antique” in 1895, he was just twenty years old and still a student. At that time, his main goal was to free himself from the influence of his teachers and find his own style. He wrote the work for his friend, the pianist Ricardo Viñes , a staunch supporter of his early days, and entrusted it to him for performance . Viñes was not only a friend, but also a genius interpreter who understood and championed Ravel’s music long before it was recognized.

Tribute to Chabrier

An often-reported anecdote is that the “Minuet antique” is a veiled homage to Emmanuel Chabrier, a composer whom Ravel deeply admired. Ravel was inspired by Chabrier’s “Minuet pompeux,” seeking to create a piece that , while in the spirit of his elder , would be decidedly more modern. Ravel liked musicians who, like Chabrier, had a certain audacity and verve in their music.

Ravel’s self-criticism

Ravel was a perfectionist and highly critical of his own works, especially his early compositions. He often took a harsh view of his early pieces , which he considered imperfect or too influenced by other composers. This is what makes the story of the “Minuet antique” so special: it is one of the few early works that he did not reject .

orchestral “flashback ”

Perhaps the most significant episode in the history of the “Minuet Antique” is Ravel’s decision to reorchestrate it in 1929. After more than three decades, at the height of his fame, Ravel chose to revisit this early piece . The reason for this is both mysterious and revealing . One might think that Ravel simply wanted to improve the work and give it new life with the colors of the orchestra. But it also shows that he saw something important in it: an idea, a structure, a feeling that deserved to be preserved and presented to a wider audience. It is a way for the master to honor his younger self and to recognize that the foundations of his style were already in place.

Similar compositions

Based on the nature of Ravel’s “Menuet antique”, several similar compositions can be identified that share characteristics such as homage to ancient dance forms, neoclassicism, elegance and finesse of writing .

Works by Ravel himself

Le Tombeau de Couperin, M.68 (1914-1917): This is the most directly comparable work. It is a piano suite (also orchestrated by Ravel) that pays homage to Baroque dance forms. The “Minuet” of this suite is a masterpiece , as are the “Rigaudon” and the “Forlane.” It is a perfect example of ravé neoclassicism .

Sonatina, M.40 (1903-1905): The third part , “Minuet,” is another example of Ravel using an ancient dance form, but with its own harmonic language. It is a piece of great elegance and impeccable clarity .

Pavane for a Dead Infanta, M.19 (1899): Although not a minuet, this piece shares the same idea of creating an ancient “dance” with modern sensibility and harmony.

Works by other composers

Emmanuel Chabrier: Menuet pompeux (1881): This is the direct influence of Ravel’s “Menuet antique”. Chabrier, whom Ravel admired so much, wrote this piece which is both noble and somewhat eccentric .

Claude Debussy: Suite bergamasque, L.75 (1890-1905): The “Minuet” of this suite is another interpretation of an ancient dance form. It is a piece full of charm, delicacy and refinement.

Erik Satie: Gymnopédies (1888): Although simpler in structure, the Gymnopédies share a certain spirit of antiquity and solemnity, reminiscent of music from Antiquity .

Igor Stravinsky: Pulcinella (1920): This ballet suite, based on the music of Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, is one of the most famous examples of Stravinsky ‘s neoclassical period . It takes 18th- century music and reorchestrates it with a modern idiom.

Francis Poulenc: Suite française (1935): Inspired by Renaissance dances, this suite is another example of neoclassicism. Poulenc injects his own style into it, with resolutely modern harmonies and spirit.

(This article was generated by Gemini. And it’s just a reference document for discovering music you don’t know yet.)

Best Classical Recordings
on YouTube

Best Classical Recordings
on Spotify

Overview

​​

“In the Manner of Chabrier, M. 63/2 ” is a piano piece by Maurice Ravel, part of a diptych of pastiches with “In the Manner of Borodin, M. 63/1 ” . Composed in 1912-1913 and published in 1914, this work is a tribute to and imitation of the musical style of Emmanuel Chabrier, a composer whom Ravel deeply admired .

Main features :

Pastiche and Paraphrase: The piece is a “paraphrase on an air by Gounod ” , imitating the energetic, clear and rhythmic style of Chabrier. It is in fact a paraphrase of Sié bel’s romance, “Fais-lui mes aveux ” , from the second act of Charles Gounod’s opera Faust. Ravel enjoys imitating a Chabrier who, himself , would have pastiched Gounod.

Contrast: The piece contrasts sharply with the first of the diptych, “In the Manner of Borodin ” , which is more lyrical and poetic. This contrast highlights Ravel ‘s talent for appropriating very different musical styles while putting his own signature on them.

Character : The piece is marked by its lively, rhythmic and elegant character , typical of Chabrier ‘s style.

Duration : The work is a short piece , lasting approximately two minutes.

Catalogue reference: The piece bears the number M. 63/2 in the catalogue of Ravel’s works established by the musicologist Marcel Marnat.

In short, “À la maniere de Chabrier ” is an ingenious work that demonstrates Ravel’s admiration for his predecessors and his skill in imitating their musical language, while retaining the modernity and finesse of his own style.

History

The story of the composition of “À la maniere de Chabrier ” is part of a context of musical tributes and stylistic games which were very fashionable in Ravel ‘s time.

It all began around 1912-1913, when Ravel began writing two piano pieces that would eventually be published together under the title À la maniere de … . The idea came to him to compose pastiches, that is , respectful imitations of the style of other composers he admired. This practice, common in literature and art, was a way for Ravel to pay homage to his elders and explore their musical language.

For the first piece , he chose to parody the style of Alexander Borodin, one of the composers of the Russian “Group of Five . ” For the second, he chose Emmanuel Chabrier, a figure he particularly venerated . Ravel had a deep admiration for Chabrier’s The King in Spite of Himself, to the point of declaring that he would have ” preferred to have done The King in Spite of Himself than Wagner’s Tetralogy . ”

But Ravel does not simply imitate Chabrier’s style . He goes further, creating a pastiche upon a pastiche. The piece is subtitled ” Paraphrase on an Air of Gounod , ” referring to Siébel ‘s romance , ” Fais-lui mes aveux , ” from the second act of Charles Gounod’s opera Faust. Ravel then amuses himself by imagining how Chabrier, with his exuberant, energetic style and bold harmonies, might have appropriated and transformed this Gounod melody. The result is a piece full of life and spirit, in which we find Chabrier’s characteristic features, such as his full pianistic textures and clear melodic lines, filtered through the refinement and elegance of Ravel’s own language.

The diptych was premiered publicly on December 10, 1913, at the Salle Pleyel in Paris, by the pianist Alfredo Casella. This double homage, to both Borodin and Chabrier, demonstrated Ravel’s ability to appropriate very different musical styles with disconcerting ease , while imprinting his unique personality as a composer.

Characteristics of Music

“In the Manner of Chabrier ” is a true study in style, in which Ravel appropriates and affectionately caricatures the distinctive features of Emmanuel Chabrier’s musical language. The main musical characteristics of this composition are as follows:

An incisive and energetic rhythm: The piece , marked ” Allegretto ” , is animated by a lively and percussive rhythm. We find the energy and clarity that are Chabrier’s trademarks, notably his syncopated rhythms and sharp accents. The writing for the piano is very ” percussive ” , with chords and octaves that give the music a constant momentum.

Shimmering and bold harmonies: Ravel, faithful to the spirit of Chabrier, uses rich and colorful harmonies. We find unexpected chord progressions , delicious dissonances and expressive chromaticisms. The pastiche does not simply reproduce the sonorities, it pushes them to the extreme , as if Ravel were having fun playing with the harmonic ” touch” of his elder .

A full and generous piano writing : Unlike some of Ravel’s pieces which explore a more ethereal and delicate writing , ” À la maniere de Chabrier ” is characterized by a generous use of the keyboard. The chords are often played with both hands, creating a dense and powerful sonic texture. This sonic fullness is another distinctive feature of Chabrier’s style.

Melodic clarity : Although the texture is rich, the melody always remains clearly audible. Ravel manages to preserve Gounod’s melodic line (“Fais-lui mes aveux ” from Faust) while drowning it in complex, chromatic piano writing. This is the heart of the pastiche exercise: to show how a Chabrier would have “transformed” a simple, romantic melody into a piece full of vitality and spirit.

The stylistic contrast: The piece , lasting about two minutes, is very contrasted with its sister piece, “In the Manner of Borodin ” . While the former is more lyrical, poetic and melancholic, the one dedicated to Chabrier is exuberant, lively and full of humor. This opposition highlights Ravel’s virtuosity , capable of embodying diametrically opposed musical aesthetics with the same ease .

In short, Ravel does not simply quote an aria; he reproduces its spirit by absorbing Chabrier’s musical characteristics. He creates a work that is both a faithful imitation and a personal reinterpretation , thus demonstrating his mastery of musical language and his admiration for the composer.

Style(s), movement(s) and period of composition

“À la maniere de Chabrier ” is a composition that stands at a stylistic crossroads, and analyzing it requires considering several facets. Although it is often associated with Impressionism due to the period of its composition (early 20th century ) and its author, it is more precisely an example of Neoclassicism tinged with Modernism. It is both a traditional homage and an innovative work.

Style and Period

Maurice Ravel, one of the masters of early 20th-century French music , is often categorized as an Impressionist, alongside Claude Debussy. This movement is characterized by a particular attention to sonority , timbre, and harmony , creating moods rather than clear forms. This is reflected in Ravel’s piano writing, which is very colorful and evocative . However, Ravel himself preferred to be considered a classicist or neoclassicist, as he placed primary importance on form , structure , and clarity .

Composed in 1912-1913, “À la maniere de Chabrier ” is a perfect example of this neoclassicism. Ravel does not just make “impressionist ” music; he refers to a 19th -century composer , Emmanuel Chabrier, and even borrows a theme from another composer of the same period , Charles Gounod, to reinterpret it with his own modern signature.

Ancient or Innovative?

The music of “À la maniere de Chabrier ” is paradoxically both old and new.

Ancient/Traditional: The piece is a pastiche, that is , a respectful imitation of a bygone style. Ravel immerses himself in the musical language of Chabrier, with its frank rhythms and bold harmonies, but still rooted in post-romanticism and French nationalism . He appropriates a melody by Gounod, a typically romantic composer. As a result, it sounds like a journey through musical time, a nod to a bygone era .

New/Innovative: Despite this traditional aspect, the work is fundamentally modernist in its approach. Ravel uses harmonic and pianistic techniques that are specific to the early 20th century . Pastiche is not a simple copy, but a reinvention. Ravel takes Chabrier’s style and filters it through his own writing, with its clarity , precision , and sophistication, creating a work that is resolutely of its time. It is this critical distance and mastery that make it innovative, even if it is adorned with the trappings of tradition.

In conclusion, the music of “À la maniere de Chabrier ” cannot be pigeonholed . It demonstrates the complexity of Ravel’s style, which draws on his predecessors while remaining a profoundly original composer of his time.

Analysis: Form, Technique(s), Texture, Harmony, Rhythm

Maurice Ravel’s “À la maniere de Chabrier ” is a piano piece which, despite its brevity , presents a rich musical analysis, faithful to the spirit of the composer it honors.

Musical analysis

Method and Technique

The main method of composition is pastiche, that is , a respectful imitation of another composer’s style. Ravel uses this technique to recreate Chabrier’s aesthetic, characterized by dense piano writing and rhythmic energy. The writing technique is also that of paraphrase, with Ravel taking an existing theme ( the romance “Fais-lui mes aveux ” from Gounod’s opera Faust) and transforming it according to Chabrier’s ” manner .”

Texture and Shape

The texture of the piece is predominantly polyphonic or, more precisely , homophonic with rich harmonic figuration. Although Gounod’s melody is always present, it is supported by a very busy piano writing , with full chords, octaves and arpeggios which give the music a characteristic density and fullness of sound . The texture is never monophonic; the accompaniment is always present .

The form is that of a character piece , which does not adhere to a strict structure like the sonata or the rondo. It develops in a fluid manner , following the main theme and its variations. It can be broken down into a simple binary or ternary form (ABA’ or ABC):

Part A: Introduction to Gounod’s theme, presented in the style of Chabrier.

Part B: Development with new melodic and harmonic ideas, while maintaining the initial momentum.

Part A’ or Coda: Return of the main theme , often transformed or enriched, leading to a rapid conclusion.

Harmony, Scale and Tonality

The harmony of the piece is tonal, but with chromatic enrichments that give it a modern color. Ravel uses seventh and ninth chords , as well as bold sequences that evoke the audacity of Chabrier.

The main key is D major, but it constantly sails into distant regions, creating a sense of tonal floating typical of early 20th- century works.

The scale used is the diatonic scale of D major, but the use of chromatic notes and frequent accidentals considerably enriches the musical language and blurs the harmonic lines.

Pace

The rhythm is one of the most important features of the piece . It is lively, incisive, and percussive, with a tempo marked ” Allegretto .” Ravel uses numerous syncopations and accents to recreate Chabrier’s rhythmic dynamism. The constant use of energetic accompanying movement in the left hand reinforces this sense of rhythmic liveliness.

Tutorial, performance tips and important playing points

To perform Maurice Ravel’s “À la manè re de Chabrier ” on the piano , it is essential to understand the spirit of the work and master the technical challenges it presents. Here is a tutorial, tips, and important points for playing this piece successfully .

1. Understand the spirit of the work

Before touching the piano, soak up the character of the piece . Remember that this is a pastiche, an affectionate imitation of the style of Emmanuel Chabrier. His style is lively, spirited, sometimes a little heavy, with a very present rhythmic energy . Ravel, with his own sensitivity, brings a touch of refinement and clarity .

Performance tip: Don’t aim for a delicate, ethereal sound like Debussy . You need strength, energy, and a certain sonic generosity . Imagine Chabrier having fun, laughing, and making the notes dance. Humor and wit should be palpable in your playing.

2. Important technical points

This piece is an excellent exercise in polyphonic clarity and rhythmic precision.

Rhythm: The tempo is marked ” Allegretto ,” which is moderate , but it should not be slow. The rhythm should be percussive and precise. Pay attention to the many syncopations that give the piece its character . They should be clear and not sag. Work on complex rhythms slowly, with a metronome if necessary.

Chords: The writing is very rich in chords, often played with both hands. To achieve a homogeneous sound , it is crucial to master the sound balance. The left hand, although playing the accompaniment, must not overwhelm the right hand. The harmony must be clear and the chords must be played together, without rolling.

Melody : Although the work is dense, Gounod’s melody must always remain audible. It is the soul of the piece . Make sure the upper notes of the right hand sing, while controlling the volume of the other voices. The technique of controlling the weight of the fingers is essential here.

3. Tips for practicing the piano

Work in sections: Don’t tackle the entire room at once. Separate it into small sections and master them one by one.

Slowness and precision: At first, work very slowly . Focus on the clarity of each note, the accuracy of the rhythms, and the placement of your hands. Speed will come naturally with mastery .

Pedal : The sustain pedal is crucial, but use it sparingly. Too much pedal can make the sound muddy, especially with the harmonic richness of the piece . Change the pedal with each harmony change to keep the sound clean and precise .

4. Pitfalls to avoid

Heaviness: It needs to be strong, but not brutal. The sound must remain elegant and controlled , even in loud passages (forte).

Lack of clarity: Ravel’s writing is very precise . Imprecise and disordered playing would take away all meaning from the piece .

Neglecting Character : Never forget the historical and stylistic context. This piece is a tribute. If your interpretation is too serious or too romantic, you will miss out on Ravel’s playful spirit.

In short, to succeed in “À la manè re de Chabrier ” you must combine a solid and precise technique with a keen sense of humor and elegance . It is a character piece that demands both intellectual and musical commitment .

Famous Recordings

Historical and traditional recordings

These recordings, often made by pianists who knew the composer or who come from the same stylistic lineage, are references for the authenticity of the approach.

Vlado Perlemuter: This is an essential reference for the complete piano works of Ravel. Vlado Perlemuter worked with the composer himself . His recording is a precious testimony to the interpretation of the period, with great clarity and fidelity to the musical text. His interpretations are known for their poetry and sense of phrasing, combining the French tradition with a delicacy of touch.

Walter Gieseking: A legendary pianist, Gieseking is famous for his interpretations of Debussy and Ravel. His recording of “À la maniere de Chabrier ” is highly regarded for its crystalline sound and elegance , which highlight the nuances and harmonic details of the piece .

Robert Casadesus: Another great name of the French school , Casadesus left a complete Ravel collection that still stands as a benchmark . His playing is marked by great technical precision and clarity of structure, which perfectly suit the neoclassical character of this work .

Reference and standard recordings

These recordings, although more recent, are considered modern references for their technical quality and depth of interpretation .

Jean-Efflam Bavouzet: His complete works for piano by Ravel, recorded on the MDG label, have been highly acclaimed by critics. His interpretation of “À la maniere de Chabrier ” has been praised for its virtuosity and clarity of execution, while preserving the energy and humor of the piece .

Alexandre Tharaud: Alexandre Tharaud has also recorded a complete Ravel collection that has been very successful . His approach is more lyrical and sensitive, emphasizing color and expressiveness. His interpretation offers a more intimate and poetic perspective on the work .

Angela Hewitt: Renowned for her clarity , precision , and musicality , Angela Hewitt has recorded Ravel ‘s complete piano works for Hyperion Records. Her “À la manère de Chabrier ” is remarkable for its fine touch and limpid harmony, even in the densest passages.

Modern and contemporary interpretations

These more recent recordings bring new perspectives, often with particular attention to sonority , rhythmic momentum or a more personal reading of the score.

Bertrand Chamayou: A leading French pianist, Bertrand Chamayou is known for his lively and colorful approach to the repertoire. His recording of Ravel is very dynamic and powerful, with great attention to the contrasts and energy of the music.

Kun-Woo Paik: Kun-Woo Paik’s recordings are often noted for their power, dramatic intensity, and virtuosity. His interpretation of “À la maniere de Chabrier ” can offer a very powerful and daring reading of the piece .

It is worth noting that many talented pianists have recorded this work, each bringing their own unique vision. Listening to different versions allows one to better appreciate the richness of this short but fascinating composition by Ravel.

Episodes and anecdotes

Despite its short duration , ” À la maniere de Chabrier” is a piece full of anecdotes, because it is set in a context of complex relationships and humor between musicians.

1. The musical bet and the friendship between Ravel and Godebski

The idea for the diptych In the Manner of… was born from a bet or a joke. In 1912, Ravel spent time with his friends Ida and Cipa Godebski, a couple who held a lively artistic salon . It was there that Ravel, urged on by his friends or perhaps in response to a challenge, began composing two musical pastiches. One, “In the Manner of Borodin,” was a response to a request from Cipa Godebski, who admired the Russian composer. The other, “In the Manner of Chabrier,” was the result of his own admiration. It was in this atmosphere of lightness and friendship that these two works were born .

2. Humor and hidden reference

The subtitle of the piece , “Paraphrase on an Air by Gounod,” is in itself a humorous anecdote. Ravel is not content to simply imitate Chabrier. He is imagining how Chabrier would have treated a theme that is completely foreign to him. The theme in question, “Fait-lui mes aveux” from Gounod’s Faust, is a simple and romantic melody. It is by contrasting it with Chabrier’s passion and audacity that Ravel creates the comic contrast. It is a sort of ” pastiche of the pastiche,” a musical mise en abyme that demonstrates Ravel’s brilliant and ironic wit.

3. The Ravel-Chabrier relationship

This was not only for his music, but also for his character . Chabrier’s exuberant temperament, his humor, and his ” generous coarseness ” appealed to Ravel , who, on the surface, was much more reserved . This admiration is reflected in the piece , which captures the composer’s boundless energy and wit without mocking him, but rather paying him an affectionate tribute.

4. Godebski’s little note

Ravel’s friend Cipa Godebski himself left a handwritten note on a version of the score. In it, he explains how the idea for the piece came to him while talking with Ravel and suggesting Gounod’s theme . This note is a testament to the genesis of the work and the friendly collaboration that surrounded its creation .

Ultimately, these anecdotes underline that “À la maniere de Chabrier” is not only a piece of music, but also a capsule of the spirit of the times, of humor between friends, and of admiration between composers, capturing the essence of a relationship that was both intellectual and personal between Ravel and Chabrier.

Similar compositions

Compositions similar to Ravel’s ” À la maniere de Chabrier” can be grouped into several categories: those that share the same composer , the same kind of pastiche, or that evoke the same composer (Chabrier).

1. By the same composer: Maurice Ravel

” In the Manner of Borodin, M. 63/1″: This is the twin and inseparable piece of “In the Manner of Chabrier.” These two works form a diptych in which Ravel, in the same spirit of pastiche, imitates the lyrical and sometimes exuberant style of the Russian composer Alexander Borodin. The contrast between the lyricism and harmonic richness of “Borodin” and the percussive energy of “Chabrier” is one of Ravel’s great achievements.

“Le Tombeau de Couperin” (1914-1917): This suite of six piano pieces is a direct homage to the style of 18th-century French composers , particularly François Couperin . As in pastiches, Ravel uses ancient forms and rhythms (the fugue, the minuet, the forlane) to reinvent them with his own modern harmonic and pianistic language.

2. Pastiches and tributes to other composers

Musical pastiche is a well-established tradition. Many composers have paid homage to their peers or imitated their style.

Alfredo Casella – ” In the Manner of…” (1911): This collection by the Italian composer Alfredo Casella, a contemporary and friend of Ravel, contains pieces in the same spirit of homage. It includes pastiches of works by Wagner, Debussy, Fauré , and even Ravel himself .

Erik Satie – “Les Gnossiennes” and “Gymnopédies”: Although not directly pastiches, these minimalist pieces by Satie influenced Ravel and share with “À la maniere de Chabrier” a certain spirit of experimentation and humor. Satie’s simplicity is an interesting contrast to Ravel’s complexity, but the two composers shared a taste for originality and a rejection of Romantic bombast.

3. Works by Emmanuel Chabrier

To understand the spirit of “À la maniere de Chabrier”, there is nothing better than to look at the works of the master himself .

“Dix Pi è ces pittoresques”: This collection for piano by Chabrier is a direct source of inspiration for Ravel. It features the dense piano writing, the bold harmony and the witty character that Ravel so well imitated .

“Bourrée fantasque”: This piano piece is an excellent example of Chabrier’s energy and rhythmic vivacity. Its percussive character and bold melodic construction echo Ravel’s style in his pastiche.

“España “: This orchestral rhapsody by Chabrier is famous for its exuberance and vivacity. Chabrier ‘s brilliant and colorful treatment of the orchestra, and his ability to evoke atmospheres without conforming to strict forms, profoundly influenced Ravel.

(This article was generated by Gemini. And it’s just a reference document for discovering music you don’t know yet.)

Best Classical Recordings
on YouTube

Best Classical Recordings
on Spotify

Overview

​​

“In the Manner of Borodin, M.63/1” is a short piano piece by Maurice Ravel, composed in 1912-1913. It is part of a diptych of humorous pieces or pastiches, the other being “In the Manner of Chabrier”.

is a general overview of this work:

Musical pastiche: As its title suggests, the piece is written ” in the manner of” Borodin, a Russian composer whose music Ravel admired, particularly for its orchestral colors and lyricism. Ravel is not copying an existing work by Borodin, but is imitating his characteristic style.

Style: The piece is often described as a waltz. It evokes the atmosphere and musical idiom of Borodin, with lyrical melodies and a sense of storytelling, although this is handled with Ravel ‘s own finesse and refined harmony .

A nod to Borodin: It contains elements reminiscent of the Russian composer, such as a certain Slavic melancholy, a warm lyricism and a poetic side . Ravel manages to capture the spirit of Borodin while retaining his own musical signature .

Context: These two pieces , “In the manner of Borodin” and “In the manner of Chabrier”, were written at the request of Ravel’s publisher, to be published in a collection of pastiches of French composers of the time, which explains their character of homage and stylistic imitation.

Short and concise: The piece is quite short, like most of the pieces in the collection. It is a miniature, a snapshot of Borodin’s style seen through the prism of Ravel.

In summary , ” In the Manner of Borodin” is a charming musical homage in which Ravel, with his talent as a brilliant forger, manages to embody the lyrical and poetic style of Alexander Borodin while putting his own stamp on it, in a short piece for piano .

History

The story of “In the Manner of Borodin” is closely linked to a friendship and a game of wit between Parisian musicians at the beginning of the 20th century . The idea for the piece did not come from Ravel himself , but from a friend and composer, Alfredo Casella. The latter had already written a series of six musical pastiches in 1911 and proposed to Ravel that he join forces to create a new series of “musical portraits” in the manner of other composers.

Ravel accepted this challenge, choosing two figures he deeply admired: Emmanuel Chabrier, for his French music full of vitality and clarity, and Alexander Borodin, one of the composers of the famous Russian ” Group of Five.” Borodin’s choice was all the more significant because Ravel and his friends, a circle of Parisian artists and intellectuals calling themselves “The Apaches,” had adopted a theme from Borodin’s Second Symphony as their secret rallying sign.

Thus, Ravel composed ” In the Manner of Borodin” in 1912-1913. The piece is a piano waltz, but it is a waltz that has nothing Parisian about it. On the contrary, it is imbued with the lyricism and chromaticism that he associated with Borodin. It contains a Slavic melancholy, a poetic breath and harmonies that evoke the style of the Russian composer, while remaining in the refined and elegant musical language of Ravel .

The piece , along with its companion piece “À la maniere de Chabrier,” was finally published in 1914. They received their public premiere on December 10, 1913 , at the Salle Pleyel, during a concert by the Société musicale ind épendante . This concert marked the birth of this diptych, which was not only a demonstration of pianistic virtuosity, but also an affectionate and humorous tribute to two masters whom Ravel cherished. The piece has since remained a perfect example of Ravel’s genius in appropriating a foreign style and sublimating it with his own signature.

Characteristics of Music

Maurice Ravel’s ” In the Manner of Borodin” is a piece that perfectly illustrates the art of pastiche, where the artist does not simply copy, but imbues himself with the spirit of his model to create an original and personal work. In this short piano waltz, Ravel appropriates Borodin’s musical characteristics with remarkable finesse and intelligence.

The composition is distinguished by several distinctive musical features that echo the style of the Russian composer:

A lyrical and melancholic atmosphere: The piece is imbued with an expressive and warm melody, typical of Borodin’s lyricism, often associated with the Russian soul . Ravel manages to capture this expressiveness with melodic lines that seem to breathe, carried by an “Allegro giusto” tempo that makes them both lively and elegant .

Orchestral Harmonies and Colors: Although the piece is written for solo piano, Ravel uses the keyboard to suggest the sounds of an orchestra. It features rich harmonies and expressive dissonances that are characteristic of Russian Romanticism. The composer frequently uses seventh and ninth chords that create a lush sonic atmosphere and depth of harmony, reminiscent of Borodin’s orchestral writing.

Pedal play and ostinatos: Ravel skillfully uses the sustain pedal to create “harmonic pedals” that give the impression that the melody is floating above a persistent sound base. This technique, combined with repeated rhythmic patterns ( ostinatos), is a nod to Borodin’s writing, particularly the drone effect that gives a sense of anchoring and sonic color.

A Well-Structured Waltz Form: Despite its impressionistic and pastiche character, the piece follows a clear, classical form, a waltz in D – flat major with a binary structure and a coda. This formal clarity is a trademark of Ravel, who, even in his most “impressionistic” works, always retained a keen sense of structure and musical logic, in contrast to the freer style of some of his contemporaries.

In short, “In the Manner of Borodin” is not a simple imitation, but an interpretation of Borodin’s style by a Ravel who has assimilated the elements of his model to merge them with his own writing. The result is a work which, in evoking Russian music, is undeniably and profoundly Ravelian, testifying to his technical mastery and his ability to create unique musical atmospheres .

Style(s), movement(s) and period of composition

Period and Movement

” In the Manner of Borodin” was composed by Maurice Ravel in 1912-1913, which places it at the heart of the period of modern music, more precisely in the last years of Symbolism and musical Impressionism. Ravel is often considered one of the leading figures of these movements, although he always sought to distance himself from labels.

A Dialogue between Tradition and Innovation
The piece is a perfect example of Ravel’s style, which is both innovative and deeply rooted in tradition.

Innovative: The work is innovative in its approach to harmony. Ravel uses complex chords (ninths , elevenths ) , expressive dissonances and superpositions of tones that are characteristic of his style at the time. He moves away from the strict rules of classicism to explore new sounds, much like his Impressionist contemporaries.

Traditional: However, Ravel never abandoned his attachment to classical forms and a certain structural clarity. The piece is a waltz, a traditional form. Moreover, it is a pastiche, that is , a work that imitates the style of another composer. In this case, it is Alexander Borodin, a composer of the Russian Romantic and nationalist period.

A Crossroads of Styles

The piece is a fascinating mix of several influences and styles:

Impressionist and Symbolist: The treatment of the piano, with the use of the pedal and ostinatos to create sound atmospheres and colors, is typically impressionist. The overall mood is more evocative than narrative.

Romantic and Nationalist: Ravel pays homage to Borodin by incorporating elements of his style: lyrical and expressive melodies, a certain Slavic melancholy and a narrative side . It is Borodin’s romantic and nationalist style that is imitated, showing Ravel’s admiration for Russian music.

Neoclassicism : Although it is more clearly identifiable in his later works such as Le Tombeau de Couperin, neoclassicism is already present here through the attachment to a clear, classical form (the waltz) which contrasts with the richness and boldness of the harmony.

In conclusion, “In the Manner of Borodin” is a work that demonstrates the complexity of Ravel’s style. It is both a modern piece , innovative in its harmonic language and sonority, and a traditional homage to a Romantic composer, all within a classical formal framework.

Analysis: Form, Technique(s), Texture, Harmony, Rhythm

Musical Analysis of “In the Manner of Borodin”
Maurice Ravel’s ” In the Manner of Borodin” is a piece that, beneath its simple waltz-like appearance, reveals great technical and structural sophistication. It is a perfect example of Ravel’s ability to imitate a musical style while adding his own signature.

The Method and Techniques
method for this pastiche is that of stylistic imitation. He does not literally copy a Borodin melody, but appropriates the characteristics of his style to transpose them into his own musical language. The main technique is the pianistic transcription of an orchestral thought. Ravel uses the sonorities and dynamics of the piano to evoke the richness and color of a symphony orchestra, in the manner of Borodin, whose music was particularly famous for its instrumentation.

Texture and Shape
The texture of the music is predominantly homophonic, with a clear, expressive melody in the right hand, accompanied by harmonic accompaniment in the left hand. However, moments of subtle polyphony can be heard, particularly when the main melody is doubled or enriched by other melodic lines that move independently .

The form is that of an ABA waltz, with a coda. It is a simple and clear structure, but Ravel adds variations and developments.

Part A: The main waltz is presented , with its lyrical and melancholic melody.

Part B: A more contrasting passage, often more lyrical and with a change of mode (moving from major to minor) or tonality .

Part A’: The return of the main waltz, often with subtle variations in accompaniment or harmony.

Coda: The piece ends with a concluding section which uses waltz motifs.

Harmony, Scale and Rhythm
Key : The main key is D flat major (

D♭
major), a key often associated with lyricism and a certain softness. The piece uses modulations and harmonic borrowings that enrich the sound palette.

Harmony: The harmony is both romantic and modern. Ravel uses seventh and ninth chords that create complex and expressive sound colors. There are also unresolved dissonances and chromaticism that reinforce the melancholic atmosphere of the piece .

Scale: The scale used is the diatonic (major) D-flat scale , but Ravel inserts chromatic notes and motifs that evoke exotic or oriental scales, which is another characteristic of Borodin’s music.

Rhythm: The rhythm is that of a waltz, with a well-marked three-quarter time signature . The tempo is “Allegro giusto,” meaning “fast, but in tune ,” which gives the music a lively yet elegant character . The use of ostinatos in the accompaniment (a repetition of rhythmic patterns) is a technique borrowed from Borodin that adds a hypnotic and lingering character to the piece .

Tutorial, performance tips and important playing points

Introduction

Playing Ravel’s “In the Manner of Borodin” is like engaging in a conversation with two masters . On one side , there is the lyrical passion of Alexander Borodin, and on the other, the refinement and elegance of Ravel. To succeed in this piece , you must find the balance between Russian melancholy and French clarity . Here is a tutorial, performance tips, and key points to guide you.

1. The Lyrical and Flexible Waltz

The piece is a waltz, but it is far from a simple dance piece. Focus on a tempo of “Allegro giusto,” which means “fairly fast, but with a sense of justice and accuracy.” Don’t rush; the lyricism of the melody needs to breathe.

Rubato: Ravel doesn’t specify rubato, but to capture Borodin’s romantic spirit, you can slightly speed up and slow down in certain places. The idea is to make the melody sing, not play it mechanically.

Right hand: The melody should be cantabile, that is , “singing.” Use a deep, supple touch so that each note has weight. Think of the melody like a cello or horn voice in an orchestra, with a full, warm sound.

2. The Rhythm of Accompaniment

The left hand, in addition to providing harmony, maintains the waltz rhythm. Balance is crucial.

The first beat: The first beat of the measure to

3/4

is heavy and accentuated. Give it a boost, but avoid making it too heavy. It should start the movement of the measure.

The second and third beats : The next two beats are lighter and gently accompany the first beat. Think of a pizzicato string or a light cymbal crash. The goal is to create a fluid, danceable rhythm.

The ostinato: Ravel uses a rhythmic ostinato in the first theme . Make sure this ostinato remains steady and stable. It is the foundation upon which the melody unfolds .

3. Harmonies and the Pedal

The piece is rich in harmonies that create a special atmosphere . The pedal is essential to reveal its full splendor.

The “Ravelian sound”: This is the result of judicious use of the pedal . Change pedals with each chord change to avoid muddiness, but keep the fingering legato. Sometimes, one note of the melody is held longer than the others, creating a subtle resonance that adds richness to the harmony.

Dissonances: Ravel uses ninth chords and dissonances to add tension and color. Don’t be afraid of these dissonances. Let them express themselves and resonate; they are an integral part of the beauty of the music.

4. Important Points to Work on

Clarity : Even when using the pedal, always maintain a sense of clarity. Each voice should be audible. Work on the melody and accompaniment separately before combining them.

Character : Beyond technique, interpretation is key. Think about what Ravel is trying to say. It’s a conversation between two eras, two styles. The transition from the lyrical theme to the more intimate and melancholic part must happen naturally.

Dynamics: Ravel’s dynamic indications are precise and must be respected . From “p” to “ff,” each dynamic has a meaning. Don’t overload the interpretation. Subtle nuances are as important as grand flights of fancy.

In short , to succeed with this piece , you must find the right balance between romantic expression and formal clarity . Feel free to listen to recordings of great pianists for inspiration, but don’t forget to find your own voice in this beautiful waltz.

Famous Recordings

Despite being a short piece and often considered a miniature, “In the Manner of Borodin” has been recorded by many great pianists, often as part of complete piano works by Ravel.

famous recordings , classified by type of performance :

Historical and great tradition recordings

These recordings bear witness to a time when performance was often freer and more expressive, with particular attention to poetry and color .

Vlado Perlemuter: He is an essential reference for the complete Ravel works. Perlemuter worked with the composer himself , and his interpretations are therefore of a rare authenticity. His ” In the Manner of Borodin” is both lyrical and crystal clear, with an intimate understanding of Ravel’s nuances.

Robert Casadesus: Another figure of the great French tradition . Casadesus brings an elegance and refinement that are characteristic of the French school , with a perfect mastery of rhythm and a clear and elegant sound .

Samson François : Samson François ‘ interpretation is more romantic and personal. He favors poetry and freedom of phrasing, which gives his version a more pronounced melancholy, entirely in the spirit of Borodin’s pastiche.

Standard and contemporary recordings

These recordings are often the result of a more in-depth search for the composer’s intentions, with great fidelity to the score and impressive technical virtuosity.

Jean-Yves Thibaudet: Thibaudet’s complete Ravel works are highly acclaimed . His playing is both virtuoso and poetic, and his version of “In the Manner of Borodin” is extremely fluid. He highlights the colors and harmonies of the piece with remarkable transparency.

Martha Argerich: Although she did not record Ravel’s complete works , her recordings of his works are legendary. Her fiery and passionate style , combined with impeccable technique, gives a particular intensity to the piece .

Angela Hewitt: Known for her clarity and musical intelligence, Angela Hewitt’s interpretation is a modern reference . She highlights the structure of the piece while respecting its poetic character .

Steven Osborne: His recording is renowned for its impeccable sound and analytically thought-out interpretation , while retaining emotion and poetry. It is often cited as a benchmark for Ravel’s complete piano works.

Seong-Jin Cho: More recently, this recording has been praised for its technical mastery and the maturity of its interpretation, highlighting the orchestral aspect of the piece .

These recordings offer a wide range of interpretations, from the elegant romanticism of the ancient tradition to the analytical clarity of modern interpretations, illustrating the richness of this small work and Ravel’s genius.

Episodes and anecdotes

The story of “In the Manner of Borodin” is dotted with little anecdotes that shed light not only on the piece itself , but also on the mind of its composer, Maurice Ravel, and his entourage.

The Apache War Cry

One of the most famous anecdotes concerns the group of Parisian artists and intellectuals that Ravel frequented at the beginning of the 20th century , who nicknamed themselves “The Apaches.” This name, given to them by a journalist, referred to their character as marginal and rebellious individuals. What is less well known is their secret “war cry”: a musical theme taken from the beginning of Alexander Borodin’s Second Symphony. This theme , played and sung in gratitude, became a symbol of their friendship and admiration for the Russian composer. It was therefore quite natural that Ravel, in accepting the challenge of composing a pastiche, chose Borodin as the subject, in homage to this musical complicity that united them.

The Italian Friend and the Musical Challenge

The very idea for the piece did not come from Ravel, but from one of his friends, the Italian composer Alfredo Casella. Casella had already published his own series of musical pastiches and invited several composers, including Ravel, to join it. Ravel, with his sense of humor and his passion for pastiche (which he had already practiced on other occasions), accepted the challenge with enthusiasm. This gave rise to this diptych, “In the manner of Borodin” and “In the manner of Chabrier,” two pieces that demonstrate his ability to imitate the style of very different composers , one Russian and lyrical, the other French and clear.

Pastiche and authenticity

The most subtle, and most revealing, anecdote of Ravel’s genius is found in the music itself . Ravel, a good “genius forger” as he has often been called, does not simply copy Borodin. He appropriates the style and adds his own touch. The piece is a waltz, a form not particularly associated with Borodin. Ravel uses this popular form to infuse it with the Slavic soul, melancholy, and lyricism characteristic of the Russian composer. It is a work that, on the surface, is by Borodin, but in its harmonic details and fine phrasing, is unmistakably Ravel ‘s . This duality is a musical inside joke for those familiar with the music of both composers.

Creation in peacetime… before the war

The piece was first performed in public in December 1913 at a concert of the Independent Musical Society . It was an event celebrating musicians ‘ friendship, humor, and creativity . No one could have suspected that a year later, the First World War would break out, and that the serenity and frivolity of these artistic exchanges would be swept away by the conflict. “In the Manner of Borodin” therefore remains a testament to an era of peace and carefree artistic creativity that preceded the great upheaval of the 20th century.

Similar compositions

Pastiches and tributes

In the manner of Chabrier, M.63/2 by Maurice Ravel: This is the diptych of the piece . Ravel imitates the energetic, clear and rhythmic style of Emmanuel Chabrier, another composer he admired. The contrast between the two pieces is perfect.

Tributes to a Master by Alfredo Casella: Ravel’s friend who inspired the creation of the diptych. Casella wrote several tributes to composers such as Fauré and Debussy, and his pieces share the same intellectual approach to pastiche.

Forgotten Images of Claude Debussy: Debussy, a contemporary and rival of Ravel, also wrote pieces that borrow from other styles or evoke foreign moods . “Homage to Rameau,” in Images, Book I, is an example of his approach to the past .

Russian influence

Scheherazade, Op. 35 by Nikolai Rimsky -Korsakov: Ravel admired Russian music and, like his friend Borodin, Rimsky-Korsakov was a master of orchestration and oriental lyricism. The orchestral colors and narrative atmosphere of this work have inspired many French composers .

The Poem of Ecstasy, Op. 54 by Alexander Scriabin: Ravel also appreciated Scriabin’s music. Although very different , this work shares with Ravel a great harmonic sophistication and an exploration of sound colors.

Igor Stravinsky’s The Rite of Spring: Although the styles are different, Stravinsky’s work had a huge impact on Ravel and his contemporaries. The bold use of rhythm and the evocation of a mythical past resonate with Ravel’s interest in national music.

Piano pieces and miniatures

Preludes , Book I and Book II by Claude Debussy: Debussy’s preludes are piano miniatures that, like “In the Manner of Borodin,” explore a particular musical idea or atmosphere . They include evocative titles like “The Girl with Flaxen Hair” or “The Hills of Anacapri,” which are similar to the idea of a musical sketch.

Album leaves by Claude Debussy: These little piano pieces are also perfect examples of charming miniatures, which share with Ravel a great finesse of writing .

Fantasy Pieces, Op. 3 by Sergei Rachmaninov: These piano pieces share with “In the Manner of Borodin” a melancholy and lyricism that are characteristic of Russian music.

(This article was generated by Gemini. And it’s just a reference document for discovering music you don’t know yet.)

Best Classical Recordings
on YouTube

Best Classical Recordings
on Spotify