Timeline of Jazz

1917 – First Jazz recording by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band. (Dixieland Jazz)

1921 – First Jazz recordings of African American by Kid Ory. (Creole Jazz)

1924 – Luis Armstrong appeared the Jazz scene in New York. (Chicago Style)

1927 – Duke Ellington Orchestra great succeed in the Cotton Club. (Swing Jazz)

1935 – Ella Fitzgerald debuted.

1938 – Benny Goodman first appearance to the Carnegie Hall. (Swing Jazz)

1940 – Jazz sessions at Minton House began in earnest. (Be-Bop)

1942 – Charlie Parker debuted earnestly in the New York Jazz scene. (Be-Bop)

1946 – Famous big bands such as Woody Herman’s and Benny Goodman’s disbanded. (end of Swing Jazz)

Billie Holiday ‘Billie Holiday’ (Vocal Jazz, Jazz Blues)

1947 – Charlie Parker ‘On Dial’ (Be Bop)

1948 – Miles Davis Nonet performed at the Royal Roost. (Cool Jazz)

1949 – Lennie Tristano and Lee Konitz recording debuted by Prestige Records. (West Coast Jazz)

Charlie Parker ‘Charlie Parker with Strings’

Miles Davis ‘Birth of the Cool’ (released in 1957) (Cool Jazz)

1952 – Contemporary Records and Pacific Jazz Records were founded. (West Coast Jazz)

1953 – Gerry Mulligan ‘Original Quartet with Chet Baker’ (West Coast Jazz)

1954 – The Art Blakey Quintet played at the Birdland. (Hard Bop, Funky Jazz)

Chet Baker ‘Chet Baker Sings’ (West Coast Jazz, Vocal Jazz)

1955 – Charlie Parker died.

1956 – Miles Davis’ s ‘Marathon Session’ (Hard Bop)

Modern Jazz Quartet ‘Django’ (Post Bop, Third Stream)

Sonny Rollins ‘Saxophone Colossus’ (Hard Bop)

Charles Mingus ‘Pithecanthropus Erectus’ (Post Bop)

1957 – Miles Davis ‘Bags’ Groove’ (Hard Bop)

1958 – Miles Davis adopted Modal Jazz, and released ‘Milestones’.

Ornette Coleman debuted by the album ‘the Shape of Jazz to Come’ (Free Jazz)

1959 – Miles Davis released ‘Kind of Blue’. It’s the proclamation and completion of Modal Jazz.

Dave Brubeck ‘Time Out’ adopted unusual time signatures, and hit a song of the album ‘Take Five’. (Cool Jazz)

Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers ‘Moanin’’ (Funky Jazz, Hard Bop)

1960 – John Coltrane was independent from Miles Davis and organized his own quartet.

John Coltrane ‘Giant Steps’ (Hard Bop, Modal Jazz)

Miles Davis (with Gil Evans) ’Sketches of Spain’

Wes Montgomery ‘Incredible Jazz Guitar’ (Hard Bop, Jazz Guitar)

Bill Evans ‘Portrait in Jazz’ The greatest piano trio album, adopted modal approach and high-leveled interplay, by the greatest piano trio consists of Bill Evans, Scott LaFaro and Paul Motian. (Modal Jazz)

1961 – Bill Evans ‘Waltz for Debby’ (Modal Jazz)

1963 – Stan Getz ‘Getz/Gilberto’ (Bossa Nova)

Antonio Carlos Jobim ‘The Composer of Desafinado Plays’ (Bossa Nova)

Lee Morgan ‘The Sidewinder’ (Jazz Rock)

1964 – Miles Davis formed the ‘second great quintet’, the members of which are Herbie Hancock, Wayne Shorter, Ron Carter and Tony Williams. (New Mainstream)

‘The October Revolution of Jazz’ held and gathered together Free Jazz musicians. Organized by Bill Dixon, Performed by Ornette Coleman, Cecil Taylor, Gill Evans, Archie Shepp, Don Cherry, Pharoah Sanders and Paul Bley. (Free Jazz)

Jimmy Smith ‘The Cat’ (Funky Jazz, Organ Jazz)

1965 – Herbie Hancock ‘Maiden Voyage’ (New Mainstream)

John Coltrane ‘A Love Supreme’ (Modal Jazz, Free Jazz, Avant-garde Jazz)

1966 – John Coltrane ‘Ascension’ (Free Jazz, Avant-garde Jazz)

Wayne Shorter ‘Speak No Evil’ (New Mainstream)

1967 – John Coltrane died.

Miles Davis ‘Miles Smiles’ (New Mainstream)

1968 – Miles Davis adopted electronic sounds and rhythm of Rock music on his album ‘Miles in the Sky’. (Jazz Rock, Fusion)

Wes Montgomery ‘Road Song’ (Fusion, Pop Jazz, Easy Listening)

1970 – Miles Davis ‘Bitches Brew’ (Fusion, Jazz Rock)

1971 – Weather Report debuted. (Fusion)

1972 – Return to Forever was organized by Chick Corea. (Fusion)

Miles Davis ‘On the Corner’ (Jazz Funk)

1973 – Herbie Hancock’s the Headhunters started the activity and released the first album ‘Head Hunters’. (Jazz Funk, Fusion)

Donald Byrd ‘Black Byrd’. The biggest hit of Blue Note Records. (Jazz Funk)

Keith Jarrett ‘Solo Concerts: Bremen/Lausanne’ (Piano Solo)

1974 – Keith Jarrett ‘Death and the Flower’ (Fusion, Avant-garde)

1976 – Herbie Hancock organized the V.S.O.P. quintet, which featured the members of 60’s Miles Davis quintet. (New Mainstream)

Stuff ‘Stuff’ (Fusion, Jazz Funk)

Jaco Pastorius ‘Jaco Pastorius’ (Fusion)

George Benson ‘Breezin’’ (Smooth Jazz)

1977 – Lee Ritenour ‘Captain Fingers’ (Fusion, Smooth Jazz, Jazz Guitar)

Steely Dan ‘Aja’ (Jazz Rock)

1978 – Larry Carlton ‘Larry Carlton’ (Fusion, Smooth Jazz, Jazz Guitar)

1980 – Wynton Marsalis joined Art Blakey’s the Jazz Messengers and debuted. His flawless performance caused the sensation. (Resurgence of Traditionalism)

1980 – George Winston ‘Autumn’ (Neoclassical New-Age)

1981 – Wynton Marsalis ‘Wynton Marsalis’ (Resurgence of Traditionalism)

Miles Davis collaborated with Marcus Miller and Bill Evans (saxophonist), and released a live album ‘We Want Miles’.

Jaco Pastorius ‘Word of Mouth’ (Fusion)

1982 – George Winston ‘Winter to Spring’, ‘December’ (Neoclassical New-Age)

1983 – Keith Jarrett formed the Standard Trio with Gary Peacock and Jack DeJohnette. (Resurgence of Traditionalism)

Herbie Hancock’s ‘Future Shock’ adopted Hip Hop sound and scratching, made a big hit. (Electro Funk, Instrumental Hip Hop)

1985 – Resumption of Blue Note Records. (Resurgence of Traditionalism)

Stanley Jordan ‘Magic Touch’ (Fusion, Smooth Jazz)

Jazz musicians Branford Marsalis, Omar Hakim and so on, participated a British rock artist Sting’s album ‘The Dream of the Blue Turtles’. (Pops, Rock)

1986 – Miles Davis ‘Tutu’ produced by Marcus Miller (Fusion, Electronic Jazz, Pop Jazz)

1987 – Jaco Pastorius died.

1990 – Art Blakey died.

1991 – Miles Davis died.

1992 – Jazz-Rap group US3 debuted by ‘Cantaloop (Flip Fantasia)’ from Blue Note Records. (Jazz Rap, Acid Jazz)

Miles Davis ‘Doo-Bop’ (Jazz Rap, Hip Hop)

1993 – Marcus Miller ‘The Sun Don’t Lie’ (Fusion)

Joshua Redman ‘Joshua Redman’ (Resurgence of Traditionalism)

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Timeline of Black Music

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Music Page

Timeline of Black Music

1871 – A Gospel group Fisk Jubilee Singers was organized, and succeed in European tour.

1920 – The golden age of harlem renaissance culture.

1923 – Single record of ‘Downhearted Blues’ by Bessie Smith sold 800,000 copies.

1934 – First live show was held at Apollo Theater in Harlem.

First recording of Mahalia Jackson.

1941 – First recording of Muddy Waters.

1943 – First recording of Nat King Cole.

1947 – Magazine for African-Americans ‘Ebony’ was first published.

1955 – ‘I’ve Got a Woman’ by Ray Charles was a big hit (reached No.1 on the R&B chart), and Soul music was born.

‘Tutti-Frutti’ by Little Richard reached No.2 on the R&B chart and No.17 on the US chart.

The debut song of Chuck Berry ‘Maybellene’ reached No.1 on the R&B chart and No.5 on the US chart.

1956 – James Brown released his first hit tune ‘Please, Please, Please’ reached No.5 on the R&B chart.

First recording of Aretha Franklin (Gospel songs).

Sam Cooke recorded non Gospel songs.

1957 – The predecessor of Stax Records, Satellite Records was founded.

Jackie Wilson made a his major debut.

1958 – The predecessor of Motown Records, Tamla Records was founded by Berry Gordy Jr. in Detroit, Michigan.

1959 – ‘Try Me’ by James Brown was a big hit and reached No.1 on the R&B chart.

1962 – Otid Redding got signed to the Volt Records, subsidiary label of Stax Records.

1963 – The major debut song of Otis Redding ‘These Arms of Mine’ made a hit (No.20 on R&B chart).

1964 – ‘Where Did Our Love Go’ by The Supremes reached No.2 on the US chart.

Sam Cooke was shot dead in Los Angeles.

1965 – Sam Cooke’s single ‘A Change is Gonna Come’ released after his death, was hit in conjunction with the Civil Rights Movement (No.9 on the R&B chart, No.31 on the US chart).

‘My Girl’ by Temptations reached No.1 on the US chart.

1967 – The Monterey Pop Festival

Singles ‘Respect’ ‘Baby I Love You’, ‘(You Make Feel Like) A Natural Woman’ and ‘Chain of Fool’ by Aretha Franklin are big hits.

Otis Redding died in a plane crash.

DJ Kool Herc emigrated from Jamaica to Bronx, New York.

1968 – Concert of James Brown was broadcast live on TV and it restrain race riots.

Stax Records was independence from Atlantic Records.

1969 – The Woodstock Music & Art Fair

1970 – Al Bell became the Stax’s vice-president and a co-owner.

Debut of Jackson Five.

Jimi Hendrix died.

1972 – Motown relocate the office to Los Angeles.

1975 – DJ Kool Herc held his first block party.

1976 – Grandmaster Flash mixed records by two of turntables.

1977 – Grand Wizzard Theodore invented scratching.

1979 – Sugar Hill Records released the first rap record.

1980 – ‘The Breaks’ by Kurtis Blow became the first gold disc of rap.

1982 – Afrika Bambaataa & Soulsonic Force released ‘Planet Rock’.

A Hip Hop film ‘Wild Style’ released.

1984 – Run-D.M.C. released the first album, and the Oldschool Hip Hop came to the end.

Def Jam Recordings, held up sheer fresh sound, founded.

Schoolly D in Philadelphia released first Gangsta Rap single ever in Hip Hop.

1986 – Beastie Boys’ ‘Licensed to Ill’ became the first No.1 Hip Hop album on the Billboard pop album chart ever.

1987 – Groups, such as Boogie Down Productions, Public Enemy and N.W.A., changed the paradigm of Hip Hop debut one after another.

1988 – Teddy Riley produced Bobby Brown’s album ‘My Prerogative’, and his own group Guy released debut album. He created a great sensation of New Jack Swing fuse Hip Hop and R&B.

1989 – ‘3 Feel Height and Rising’ by De La Soul explosive sold, and it indicated quite new sense of Hip Hop.

1992 – ‘The Chronic’ by Dr. Dre released, Gangsta Rap and G-Funk became a craze.

Mary J. Blige debut by ‘What’s the 411?’, and her musical style called ‘Hip Hop Soul’.

1994 – NAS and The Notorious B.I.G. released debut albums one after another, the boom of the Hip Hop proclaims gangsta and street taste has broken out.

1996 – ‘The Score’ by The Fugees suddenly became popular in worldwide.

1998 – Lauryn Hill released ‘The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill’ which has world’s first Hip Hop album has female viewpoint.

1999 – White rapper Eminem, found talent by Dr. Dre, debut.

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Genres and Styles of Black Music

■Blues

The basic form of blues is composed of 12 bars by a pattern of 3 cords cycles. Blues is developed in the whole of United States, and it became the root of evolution of R&B to Rock ’n’ Roll.

■Doo-wop

Doo-wop is a musical and chorus style of R&B. It consists of a main vocal and onomatopoetic back chorus (consists of high, middle and low parts) like ‘shang-a-lang’, ‘doooo -wop-wop’ and ‘bom-bom-bom’.

■Funk

Funk is the genre of black music created by James Brown in the middle of 1960s. Horns, brasses and strings are used percussive, emphasizing syncopation, Brown made the special polyrhythmic sound.
For example, successors of funk are P-Funk and Prince.

■Gospel (Black Gospel)

The Gospel music sung in black churches. Generally, the term ‘Gospel’ in popular music indicates Black Gospel. The Gospel music sung in protestant churches called ‘White Gospel’ or ‘Contemporary Christian Music’.

■Hip Hop

Hip Hop is a musical genre and a street culture originated by young blacks grew up in the ghetto on Bronx, New York City in mid 1970s. It contains not only music but also DJ style, scratching, breaking (dance style), graffiti art and fashion, and it crazed worldwide and had major impact to the 80’s music scene.

■House

The origins of House music are Philly Soul (Philadelphia), Sal Soul, Synth Pops and experimental German Rock. They fused in DJ play of Frankie Knuckles and his followers made House music by cheap drum machines and synthesizers.

Characteristics of House are electronic sound, danceable 4 beats and feeling succeeded by Soul music and its tempo is 115 to 130. Nowadays, House music is divided by various subgenres.

■Jazz

Jazz is the musical genre developed by the mix of european Classic music and african american music. It features improvisation performances by a band mainly consists of brass section. The birthplace of Jazz is regarded as New Orleans, and it spread over whole United States and evolved advanced, sophisticated and various styles.

■New Jack Swing (Swingbeat)

New Jack Swing is the fusion genre influenced by Hip Hop, R&B, Soul and Pops. The feature of it is fuse of breakbeats emphasized syncopation and melodic vocal styles of R&B and Pops.

■New Soul

New Soul is the appellation of distinctive and individual works of Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder, Curtis Mayfield and Donny Hathaway in the first half 70’s fly out traditional framework of R&B to Soul.

New Soul was generated from Northern Soul such as Motown Records. Motown had production system. On the system, producers and song writers seized real power, singers and groups acted at the bidding of them. In the situation, Marvin Gaye and Stevie Wonder rose in revolt against the production system and were concerned in total production themselves. Similarly Curtis Mayfield founded his own label Curtom. They are not only singers and song writers but also artists produce total concept of work and indicated social messages. Their works signaled the ushering of the new era of Soul music.

New Soul was influenced by Funk music of James Brown and Sly&Family Stone, using latin percussions effectively, constructed sophisticated rhythms. And other characteristics of New Soul were tension voicing like Jazz, chorus works by overdub, adoption of electronic piano, synthesizer and wah-wah guitar. Their experiments can’t expect much of stereo typical production of Soul music. Their songs are but not love ballads and dance tunes, serious message songs hit in charts and heavy air played in the response to 70’s the Civil Rights Movement and the counterculture.

■R&B (Rhythm and Blues)

The word R&B means popular black music in late 1940s to 1950s. It succeeded and developed excitement of powerful beats and shouts of blues style vocal of Jump Blues. R&B possessed various styles such as solo singers to vocal groups. This genre became one of element of Rock n’ Roll, and in 60’s evolved a more sophisticated music Soul.

But, Nowadays the word ‘R&B’ means non-rap music, in other words the contemporary R&B is the general term of popular vocal black music.

■Rock and Roll (Rock ’n’ Roll)

Rock ’n’ Roll is the music of fusion of Jump Blues, Big Band Jazz and Country music. The word root of it is a slung of ‘sex’ had been talked in african americans, and Rock ‘n’ Roll named by a white DJ Alan Freed.
The word of origin of Rock ’n’ Roll is ‘We’re Gonna Rock, We’re Gonna Roll’ by Wild Bill Moore. And, the first Rock hit is mentioned that ‘Rocket 88’ by Jackie Brenston. ‘Rocket 88’ based a Jump Blues song ‘Cadillac Boogie’ by Jimmy Liggins and His Honeydrippers. Without heavy Jump Blues sound, Fats Domino can’t make his sound, Little Richard had begun from a imitation of the Jump Shouter style of Roy Brown and Billy Wright.

Louis Jordan changed the Jump Blues big band style to a small combo style. It gave a big impact to Chuck Berry. And, Berry was deeply influenced by the lyrics and singing style of Jordan. Like Jordan, Berry’s lyrics drew everyday life comical and have story lines.

Another root of Rock ’n’ Roll is Boogie Piano. Both Fats Domino and Little Richards are pianist. In the begging, they played straight Boogie-woogie Piano. And, Chuck Berry’s guitar riff is a replacement of left hand 8 beat patterns of Boogie Piano. From the time there isn’t 8 beat, only he played 8 beat rhythm in the early era of Rock ’n’ Roll.

Then whites musicians succeed these Rock ’n’ Roll styles. Bill Haley’s model was Louis Jordan’s small combo style and R&B or Jump sound. Elvis Presley was highly appreciated of singing like black by Sam Phillips, Sun Records. The Beatles and the Rolling Stones begun their career by covers of Rock ’n’ Roll and R&B.

■Techno

Techno is the brother genre of House music and born in deeply influenced by Chicago House, Techno Pop and Electro Hip Hop. The differences to Chicago House are seriousness, lyricism, cybernetic feeling, minimalism and higher BPM 125 to 140.

Originators of Techno are black young men, Juan Atkins, Derrick May and Kevin Saunderson (Belleville Three). And in the beginning, Techno is black music on underground scene in Detroit. But Techno spread over to the rest of world. Techno yielded and spread various styles and subgenres. But Techno comparatively has no barriers of subgenres. Subgenres of Techno are connected by the universality of Minimal Techno and Detroit Techno.

■Soul

Soul music is the genre lump together various styles of popular black music evolved from R&B in 1960s. The word ‘Soul’ contained the growing ethnic consciousness of African Americans, its background was the rise of Civil Rights Movement.

Related Posts and Pages

Timeline of Black Music

Genres of Dance Music

Timeline of Miles Davis

Timeline of Herbie Hancock

Timeline of Jazz

Styles and Subgenres of Jazz

Glossary of Jazz

Brief History of Detroit Techno

Subgenres of House Music

Genres of Club Music

Music Page